Pierre-Jules Hetzel, who wrote under the pen name P.-J. Stahl, was above all a publisher, not only of Jules Verne, but also of Balzac, George Sand, and Victor Hugo, as well as of several anthologies, including: Scenes from Animals’ Public and Private Lives and Le Diable à Paris (The Devil in Paris. Hewing to his goal of keeping education and enjoyment firmly intertwined, he founded publications for children that entirely transformed the genre. An anti-Royalist, in 1848, he became Chief of Staff to the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the newly founded Second Republic. To protect Nadar, he sent him to Poland on a secret mission concerning the Russian zone. Upon Nadar’s return, the two men founded the Revue comique à l’usage des gens sérieux (Comical Journal for Serious People). Nadar’s career as a caricaturist really got going when he took on Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte and created “Monsieur Réac” (“Mr. Reactionary”) in the Revue’s pages. It was most likely Nadar who introduced Jules Verne to his friend the publisher. Hetzel published Histoire de Mürger pour servir à l'histoire de la vraie bohème (Mürger’s Story, in Service of the History of True Bohemia,1862) and Le Droit au vol (The Right to Flight, 1865). During his years of exile in Belgium (1851-1858), Hetzel clandestinely published Hugo’s Les Châtiments (Castigations). Hugo would not return to France until 1859.